The peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. Microscopic examination of the shape, size, and coloration of red blood cells is useful for determining the cause of anemia. Diagnosis from the blood smear new england journal. Synoptic reporting system for peripheral blood smear. For a blood smear test, a laboratory professional examines the slide under a microscope and looks at the size, shape, and number of different types of blood cells. The four broad subtypes most likely to be encountered by primary care physicians are acute lymphoblastic, acute. In conclusion, cbc and peripheral blood examination are one of the most commonly ordered tests that provides important information about. A blood smear scan serves to at least a verify the flagged automated hematology results and b determine if a manual differential leukocyte count needs to be performed. Complete blood count results revealed a white blood cell count of 38. Examination of the peripheral blood smear begins on low power. Peripheral blood smear examination medical laboratories. Jul 15, 2019 a peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide. Peripheral smear is also known as peripheral blood smear. Attention to detail in slide preparation, staining and standard criteria for cell estimates, morphology and differential reporting enhance the value of results provided to the physician.
A blood film or peripheral blood smear is a thin layer of blood smeared on a microscope slide. Preparation of peripheral blood smear and staining procedure. Before a patient is prescribed a blood smear test, certain signs and symptoms should be checked. View details of cost of test, pre test information and report availability on dr lal pathlabs. Jaundice, fever, fatigue, nose bleeding, bone pain, spleen enhancement in size, if the patient is prone to these symptoms then heshe should undergo peripheral smear examination. Purpose and criteria for blood smear scan, blood smear. The test request form must be completed with patient history, including pertinent clinical information and physicians name and telephone number. Part 2 examination of peripheral blood smear youtube. The examination of a peripheral blood smear is one of the most informative exercises a physician can perform.
A properly prepared blood smear is essential to accurate assessment of cellular morphology. The smear is stained with wrights stain and performed after the complete blood count is run. Blood smear examination is usually performed in conjunction with a complete blood count in order to investigate abnormal results or confirm results that the automated analyzer has flagged as unreliable. A blood filmor peripheral blood smearis a thin layer of blood smeared on a glass microscope slide and then stained in such a way as to allow the various blood cells to be examined microscopically. Mar 28, 2014 peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory. Peripheral smear examination test test results, normal. Peripheral blood smear are usually examined to investigate hematological problems and occasionally, to look for parasites within the blood. The zone of morphology area of optimal thickness for light microscopic examination should be at least 2 cm in length. Peripheral blood film or peripheral blood smear or peripheral smear examination forms an important and basic lab investigation for diagnosing a number of hematological blood disorders.
Although advances in automated technology have made the examination of a peripheral blood smear by a physician seem less important, the technology is not a completely satisfactory replacement for a blood smear. In some ways it is becoming a lost art but it often provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders. The key to an accurate peripheral blood examination is a goodquality peripheral blood smear with different zones that can be evaluated, dr. Furthermore, lymphocytosis cases are usually neglected by the clinicians without proper clinicopathological workup. The peripheral blood film remains a very useful tool in hematological assessment. Microscopic examination of the peripheral blood smear is indicated to confirm lymphocytosis. Peripheral smear examination anemia white blood cell. A variety of methods are available for preparing and staining blood smears, the most common of which are discussed in this atlas. May 01, 2014 leukemia is a clonal proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow.
The video shows the procedure for preparation of a peripheral blood smear and its staining prior to observation under a microscope. Apr 23, 2014 a well made peripheral smear is thick at one end and progressively thinner at the opposite end. Hematopathology consultation, peripheral smear labcorp. The cbc includes enumeration of cellular elements, quantitation of hemoglobin, and statistical analyses that provide a snapshot of cell appearances. A good quality smear, thorough examination and proper interpretation in line with patients clinical state should be ensured by the haematopathologist. Blood smears are needed for microscopic examination of the blood. Jun 08, 2018 the peripheral smear, a window into the human body and hematology devapiran jaishankar, m. Red blood cells, which carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of your body. Examination of a blood smear is an integral part of a hemogram. The smear offers a window into the functional status of the bone marrow, the factory. Blood smear examination a powerful tool for clinical. The smear should occupy the central area of the slide and be marginfree at the edges. Peripheral smear clues for bordetella pertussis blood.
Most commonly blood smears are used for the differential leukocyte count dlc. The examination and interpretation of peripheral blood smears is an important component of clinical pathology. The manual examination of these images is tedious, timeconsuming and suffers from interobserver variation. Rbc histogram as supplementary diagnostic tool with peripheral smear examination in evaluating anaemia. The results of the peripheral smear are considered abnormal when there is an abnormality in the shape, size or number of cells in the blood sample. A peripheral blood smear examination is a procedure, which involves spreading a drop of blood thinly onto a glass slide.
The test provides information on the number and shape of these cells, which can help doctors diagnose certain blood disorders or other. The examination of the peripheral blood smear is an important basic hematological procedure. Examination of the peripheral blood film and correlation. Blood films are examined in the investigation of hematological blood disorders and are routinely employed to look for blood parasites, such as those of malaria and filariasis. May 01, 2015 peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view. With the advent of hematological automated machines, complete and highly accurate hematological data and parameters can be obtained within a few minutes. An examination of the blood smear may be requested by physicians or initiated by laboratory staff. Peripheral blood smear examination 6 years ago by dr. Proper peripheral film evaluation is quite likely to be needed for some time.
A peripheral blood smear pbs or blood film is required to be made from capillary blood or from a drop of blood from an edta anticoagulated blood sample. During the first week of illness, a microscopic examination of a peripheral blood smear might reveal morulae microcolonies of ehrlichiae in the cytoplasm of white blood cells and is highly suggestive of a diagnosis. Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination clinical. Many hematological diagnoses depend upon this procedure and often a definitive diagnosis can be established from the careful examination of the blood film.
The giemsa blood smear test is a test to detect blood parasites. As previously mentioned in rbc abnormalities, one takes a venous blood sample, and then it is submitted for a cbc analysis \. Pap smear as the cellular structure is better preserved because the cells are fixed immediately. This has motivated researchers to develop different algorithms and methods to automate peripheral blood smear image analysis. The lateral edges are where large cells such as monocytes, immunoblasts, immature cells, and blasts are often deposited. Peripheral blood smear, preparation, examination, interpretation, reporting, blood cells morphology. Turnaround time is defined as the usual number of days from the date of pickup of a specimen for testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. Man vs machine find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Introduction to peripheral blood smear examination. Morphologic examination of the peripheral blood smear revealed numerous mature lymphocytes with. A well made peripheral smear is thick at one end and progressively thinner at the opposite end. Peripheral blood smear procedure and interpretation. I 0 an examination at low power 10x ocular, 10x objective is first performed to evaluate the quality of the smear, ascertain the approximate number of white blood cells and platelets, and to detect rouleaux formation, platelet clumps, and leukocyte clumps and other abnormalities visible. Blood smear analysis allows quantitation of the different types of leukocytes called the differential count, estimation of the platelet count, and detection of morphologic abnormalities that may be indicators of pathophysiologic processes. Introduction examination of peripheral blood smear is an in expensive but powerful diagnostic tool in veterinary hematology. An accurate peripheral blood smear report can elucidate a vast spectrum of hematologic disorders, guide further testing, and have a critical impact on patient care. Peripheral blood smear does not contain blood sequestered in to spleen, liver. A blood smear is a sample of blood thats tested on a specially treated slide. The blood smear should be evaluated in all cases where a platelet disorder is suspected. Complete blood cell count and peripheral blood film, its. Peripheral blood smear examination macroscopic view.
It usually shows the presence of smudge cells, depicted in. The examination of blood films stained with wrights stain frequently provides important clues in the diagnosis of anemias and various disorders of. Time effect storage artifacts of anticoagulant edta on. In some ways, it is becoming a lost art but it often provides rapid, reliable access to information about a variety of hematologic disorders and. Blood picture peripheral blood smear examination online. Peripheral blood smear examination linkedin slideshare. Peripheral blood smear test purpose, procedure, results. The peripheral film evaluation is the capstone of a panel of tests called the complete blood count cbc or hemogram. Peripheral blood smear clinical methods ncbi bookshelf.
It is simply a thin smear of peripheral blood that contains the cellular components of circulating blood pool. Peripheral blood smear image examination is a part of the routine work of every laboratory. Hematological examination hematological examination including hb%, pcv, red cell indices, platelet count and total white cell count with differential count should be done on peripheral smears stained with field a and b stains. The feathered edge should be scanned for platelet clumps, large cells and microfilaria. Examination of the peripheral blood smear is an inexpensive but powerful diagnostic tool in both children and adults. What is a peripheral smear, what will it indicate in the. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis ehrlichiosis cdc. Dr lal pathlabs offers home collection booking service for blood picture peripheral blood smear examination to test for health check up. Practical challenges in peripheral blood smear evaluation. It is used to diagnose diseases, such as malaria, which are caused by parasitic infections the collected blood sample is smeared onto a glass slide and stained with giemsa stain. Peripheral blood morphology for hematological disorders remains a very important diagnostic tool give vital clues for further work up essential in situations where automated cell counter fails due to interferences peripheral blood smear examination a reflex test. The body of the smear should be scanned for proteinaceous background material, identification of the monolayer and again, large cells and microfilaria. It is then treated with a special stain and studied under a microscope to examine the blood cells. Video is prepared by the faculty and students of the department.
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